The process to make leather tanning, use as a main material, skin which comes from differents animals. This could came from goats, caws, bulls and others. Is important to indicate that the skin obtained to this purposes, cames from animals used to feed population, no one is sacrificed for the sole objective of removing the skin from their bodies.
Is necessary to clarify the fact that the skin is one of the products more ancient which men has worked with, because the goal is obtaining skin for create articles to be used for different purposes. So through the process to make leather tanning, the animal pelt is protected against the hardening and rottenness which normally occurs as his natural decomposition process as well.
Basically, the skin (pelt) is the final product obtained from the process of pelt tannerywhich at the same time is the prime material used for other industries to elaborate another kind of product which use pelt as well. This fact starts on the fact which thanks to the manufacture process, the animal's pelt features are improved, making possible to adapt it for any sort of use.
To guarantee the leather could be shaped for his differents trade uses, this has to be submitted underneath some different stages process which according to the type of pelt (depending on the animal) and the use in the sense of how's this material is going to be used (final product), his properties will changes. For the process to make leather tanning, as general terms, following steps are required as well:
Eliminate all animal pelt excesses which are not going to be used in the process to make leather tanning.
Consist in a treatment which is going to be done by using salt or drying the pelt, so with those methods, the rottenness process which naturally suffers the leather along the time, is delayed.
Once this stage is reached, leather hydration levels are re-established.
The fibers which remains stuck on the pelt surface are removed, leaving just the leather.
Subcutaneous material is removed.
Through the horizontal cut of the leather, many layers are obtained (with differents thickness) according with the final use given to it.
Is a special process where the calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide are removed.
Is a special process which has as a target to degrade the leather's dermis fibers.
Is the pH skin adjustment, in order to making it suitable for the next process to be explained.
It is about the grease removal of the leather.
It is used to give stability to the collagen in order to avoid the natural putrefaction of the leather.
It is used to give stability to the collagen in order to avoid the natural putrefaction of the leather.
Unlike the pickling, this stage makes suitable the pH in order to do ideally the retanned process dyingand retanning which are next to be explained.
Is a second treatment which provide the leather with better properties to be traded.
It is the process which give the means to provide the color of the leather, at the same time it offers more elegancy and solidity according with this trading specifications.
Offers the leather texture expected.
This stage has as a main goal to obtain leather with lower moisture content, so to achieve it, the leather is exposed to high temperature degrees at short term.
All those activities to make easier the leather's finishing job.
Is the leather treatment with special products in order to cove the skin surface and, after it, being brushed.
Temperature and pressure are exerted over the leather, as a result an homogeneous lay is obtained, smooth, ended, compact for giving elegancy and authenticity to final product.
Nowadays the leather tanning process follows two main procedures: chrome tanning and vegetable tanning. Here is a brief description of what each of these processes involves:
Is the process which are most used until now due to his big versatility, also has the cheapest price and the quickest time to finish it.
In the manner of the facts, after unhearing (leather's hair stuck removal) through the mechanic effect caused by the drums rotation which is able of fix the chromium with the leather, giving it stability and avoiding putrefaction.
At the contrary of the leather chrome tanning, leather vegetable tanning is totally an ecological procedure (it could be recycled), but it is lesser used even when it is the ancient tanning process in the world. Besides the processing time though this technique is similar to the chrome tanning.
In order to be able of doing this procedure, naturals tannins are required. During the process, the tannin (organic substance) sticks to the protein which lies on the leather's fibers, during the tanning process.
So, using this procedure, the tannin gives on leather, the property of being rotproof, it does not decompose or degrade itself during the time. Plus, improve other properties like the absorption or sweating, and those gives additional advantage when the leather is used to manufacture for example shoes. Furthermore this procedure gives better appearance due to the color given on leather.
The leather acquires as final result of this process the benefit of being more valuable at present trading, in comparison with the leather chrome tanning.
When we talk about leather tanning process, this could be made in so many ways, it has to taken in consideration in according with his final use. This is linked with the use it is going to has, the animal origin and the specific characteristics given by each process to change his properties and make it commercial.
Nowadays two process of tanning leatherexists, chrome tanning and vegetable tanning. Each process leads it to common stages, however, what changes is the tanning method (one use chrome, the other use tannin) which is used to avoid above all things that leather reach a putrefaction state when long time pass.
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